January marks Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, a crucial opportunity for the World Health Organization (WHO) and its partners to emphasize the significance of cervical cancer awareness and the importance of HPV vaccination. HPV, the primary cause of cervical cancer, can be prevented through vaccination, regular screening, and early treatment. The collective goal is to significantly reduce cervical cancer cases by 2030 and eliminate it as a public health concern by 2120.
In 2020, nearly 90,000 women in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region were diagnosed with cervical cancer, resulting in over 47,500 deaths. Early detection and effective management of cervical cancer significantly improve treatment outcomes. However, delayed diagnosis can lead to unfavorable results.
The good news is that cervical cancer is largely preventable through HPV vaccination and routine screening. Cervical cancer screening usually begins at the age of 30 and should be conducted regularly. Additionally, the HPV vaccine, administered in one or two doses starting at ages 9-14, plays a vital role in preventing HPV infections that could lead to cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer originates in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus, primarily caused by HPV transmitted through skin-to-skin contact. While most HPV infections are harmless and clear up on their own, persistent infections can progress to cervical cancer over 15-20 years. Early-stage cervical cancer may not exhibit symptoms, underscoring the importance of regular screening even for those vaccinated against HPV.
Recognizing the symptoms of cervical cancer, such as irregular bleeding, vaginal discomfort, and unexplained weight loss, is crucial for early detection and prompt treatment. Timely screening is essential for early diagnosis and effective management of cervical cancer. Girls aged 9-14 should receive the HPV vaccine to prevent HPV-related cancers, including cervical cancer.
For women living with HIV, regular HPV screening every three years starting at age 25 is recommended. The global strategy advocates for at least two lifetime screenings, including high-performance HPV tests at ages 35 and 45. Screening, prevention, and timely treatment are key components in eradicating cervical cancer as a public health issue in the coming generations.
By raising awareness, promoting vaccination, and advocating for regular screening, the campaign aims to empower women to take charge of their cervical health. Educating oneself and others about HPV, cervical cancer, and the importance of early detection and prevention are vital steps in the fight against this prevalent yet preventable disease.
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