A recent study conducted by researchers from Indiana University’s Paul H. O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs and the University of Notre Dame has revealed the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in various reusable feminine hygiene products. These so-called ‘forever chemicals’ were detected in nearly 30% of the 59 products tested, spanning categories such as period underwear, reusable pads, menstrual cups, and incontinence wear. The study is the first to confirm the intentional use of PFAS in reusable menstrual products sourced from markets across North America, South America, and Europe, revealing a concerning trend in products often marketed as sustainable and safe alternatives to disposables.
PFAS are a group of synthetic chemicals widely used in consumer products for their resistance to water, heat, and oil. Often dubbed forever chemicals because they do not easily break down in the environment or human body, PFAS have been linked to a range of serious health issues, including hormonal disruption, immune system suppression, developmental problems in children, and increased risk of cancers such as kidney and testicular cancer. Of particular concern in this study was the detection of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (8:2 FTOH), a PFAS compound previously phased out from food packaging due to its persistence in the body. Once absorbed, 8:2 FTOH can be metabolised into perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a more toxic and carcinogenic compound.
While PFAS exposure through ingestion is more widely understood, dermal absorption, particularly from prolonged contact in sensitive areas, remains under-researched. This makes their presence in feminine hygiene products especially troubling. As more consumers seek environmentally friendly alternatives to disposable menstrual products, reusable options have seen a surge in popularity. However, this study raises critical questions about the materials used in their manufacturing. Despite their green credentials, products containing PFAS can still contribute to environmental pollution when disposed of in landfills, where the chemicals may leach into soil and water sources.
Encouragingly, researchers found at least one product in each category that did not contain intentionally added PFAS, suggesting that manufacturing safer, PFAS-free feminine hygiene products is achievable. The challenge lies in holding manufacturers accountable and ensuring they prioritize consumer health alongside sustainability goals. Consumers are urged to be vigilant and advocate for full ingredient disclosure, as there is no legal requirement to list PFAS on packaging, leading many to unknowingly use products that pose hidden risks.
This study highlights the urgent need for clearer labelling and stricter oversight in the production of feminine hygiene products. While the push for sustainability is vital, it must not come at the expense of personal health. As awareness of PFAS-related risks grows, both regulatory bodies and manufacturers must take proactive steps to eliminate these chemicals from intimate care products and offer consumers truly safe, sustainable choices.
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